Immunoglobulin E (IgE), also known as the reagenic antibody, is a type of antibody produced by the body’s immune system. These antibodies play a vital role when it comes to the immune response to allergic reactions. Though present in small amounts in a healthy individual, the levels of IgE rise significantly when someone catches an allergy or is prone to hypersensitivity reactions. Common allergens include animal dander, dust, mold, pollen, certain foods, including nuts, certain medicines and insect bites.
Depending on the type of allergy, the symptoms may vary from mild to severe. There are two types of IgE tests:
- Total IgE test: It determines the total amount of IgE antibodies in the blood.
- Specific IgE test: It is the amount of IgE that is produced due to a single allergen. A separate test is done for each allergen that may be causing your allergies.
Why do you need this test?
If an individual exhibits symptoms of allergy, then the healthcare provider may recommend this test. The symptoms include:
- Skin itching
- Abdominal pain
- Runny nose
- Throat tightness
- Nasal congestion
- Skin rash
- Itchy eyes
- Watery eyes
- Hives
- Facial swelling
- Lip swelling
- Nausea
- Diarrhoea
- Throat itching
- Sneezing
This test is also suggested if an individual has a family history of allergies, asthma, or eczema. Those experiencing seasonal symptoms that affect routine work, are also suggested to take this test. This test helps confirm whether the symptoms are caused by an allergic reaction or not, and to guide the further treatment process. It also aids in adjusting certain asthma medications.
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Preparations
It is a simple blood test and does not require any special preparations. However, in some cases, an individual may be advised to refrain from eating or drinking prior to the test. Inform your healthcare provider if you are taking antihistamines.
Procedure
A trained phlebotomist will collect a blood sample while maintaining strict safety and hygiene protocols. For collecting the blood sample, a small needle is inserted at the designated site. The patient may feel a quick pinprick. The blood is then collected in a vial and a small bandage is tied to cover the site. The entire procedure only takes a few minutes. Once the test is over, the patient can resume all normal activities. There are very few risks associated with a total IgE blood test.
Clinical significance
During childhood, the IgE levels tend to increase and reach a stable stage during adolescence. When exposed to allergens, people with conditions such as atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis show mildly to moderately raised IgE levels. What’s important is that an elevated IgE may not be due to allergies alone as it may also happen due to several non-allergic medical conditions.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis, treatment, and interpretation of test results.
